NASA\u2019s asteroid sample return spacecraft flew past Earth on Friday on its way to asteroid Bennu, for a rendezvous next August.
\nThe OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security – Regolith Explorer) spacecraft came within 17,237 km of Antarctica at 12.52 pm EDT (10. 22 pm India time) on Friday, just south of Cape Horn, Chile, before following a route north over the Pacific Ocean, NASA said.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe encounter with Earth is fundamental to our rendezvous with Bennu,\u201d said Rich Burns, OSIRIS-REx Project Manager at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.<\/p>\n
The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft is currently on a seven-year journey to rendezvous with, study, and return a sample of Bennu to Earth. This sample of a primitive asteroid will help scientists understand the formation of our solar system more than 4.5 billion years ago.<\/p>\n
The spacecraft launched on September 8, 2016, on an Atlas V 411 rocket. Although the rocket provided the spacecraft with the all the momentum required to propel it forward to Bennu, OSIRIS-REx needed an extra boost from the Earth\u2019s gravity to change its orbital plane.<\/p>\n
Bennu\u2019s orbit around the Sun is tilted six degrees from Earth\u2019s orbit, and this manoeuvre changed the spacecraft\u2019s direction to put it on the path toward Bennu.<\/p>\n
As a result of the flyby, the velocity change to the spacecraft was 3.778 kilometres per second, NASA said.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe total velocity change from Earth\u2019s gravity far exceeds the total fuel load of the OSIRIS-REx propulsion system, so we are really leveraging our Earth flyby to make a massive change to the OSIRIS-REx trajectory, specifically changing the tilt of the orbit to match Bennu,\u201d Burns said.<\/p>\n
The mission team also is using OSIRIS-REx\u2019s Earth flyby as an opportunity to test and calibrate the spacecraft\u2019s instrument suite.<\/p>\n
Approximately four hours after the point of closest approach, and on three subsequent days over the next two weeks, the spacecraft\u2019s instruments will be turned on to scan Earth and the Moon, NASA said.<\/p>\n
These data will be used to calibrate the spacecraft\u2019s science instruments in preparation for OSIRIS-REx\u2019s arrival at Bennu in late 2018.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe opportunity to collect science data over the next two weeks provides the OSIRIS-REx mission team with an excellent opportunity to practice for operations at Bennu,\u201d said Dante Lauretta, OSIRIS-REx Principal Investigator at the University of Arizona, Tucson.<\/p>\n
\u201cDuring the Earth flyby, the science and operations teams are co-located, performing daily activities together as they will during the asteroid encounter,\u201d Lauretta added.<\/p>\n
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